Production of
genetic library for food, fibers, pharmaceuticals and materials
Fixation of solar energy and
conversion into
raw materials
Management of soil erosion and
sediment control
Flood prevention and regulation
of runoff
Protection against harmful
cosmic radiation
Regulation of the chemical
composition of the oceans
Regulation of the local and
global climate
Formation of topsoil and
maintenance of soil fertility
Production of grasslands,
fertilizers and food
Storage and recycling of
nutrients
More ecosystem services . . .