UNDERSTANDING THE HAZARDOUS WASTE RULES A HANDBOOK FOR SMALL BUSINESSES--1996 UPDATE Table of Contents INTRODUCTION DECIDING WHETHER HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS APPLY TO YOU Defining Hazardous Waste Identifying Your Waste Finding Your Generator Category REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS Obtaining an EPA Identification Number Managing Hazardous Waste On Site Accumulating Your Waste Treating Your Waste to Meet the Land Disposal Restrictions Preventing Accidents Responding to Emergencies Shipping Waste Off Site Selecting a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility Labeling Waste Shipments Preparing Hazardous Waste Manifests Land Disposal Restrictions Reporting Requirements Export Notification SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE QUANTITY GENERATORS WHERE TO GET MORE HELP Appendix A: State Hazardous Waste Management Agencies Appendix B: EPA and Other Federal Resource Centers Appendix C: EPA Regional Contacts INTRODUCTION Does your business generate hazardous waste? Many small businesses do. If you need help understanding which federal hazardous waste management regulations apply to your business, this handbook is for you. It has been prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help small business owners and operators understand how best to comply with federal hazardous waste management regulations. This handbook provides an overview of the regulations to give you a basic understanding of your responsibilities. It is not a complete description of the hazardous waste management requirements and should not be used as a substitute for the actual regulations. All of the federal hazardous waste regulations are located in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 260 to 299. EPA defines three categories of hazardous waste generators based upon the quantity of hazardous waste they generate per month: (1) Conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs), which generate less than 220 lbs (100 kg) per month. (2) Small quantity generators (SQGs), which generate between 220 lbs (100 kg) and 2,200 (1,000 kg) per month. (3) Large quantity generators (LQGs), which generate more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per month. Each category of generator must comply with the hazardous waste rules specific to that category. This handbook is intended primarily for businesses that generate a small quantity of hazardous waste (SQGs and CESQGs) to help them learn about regulations that apply to them. This handbook only explains the "federal" requirements for hazardous waste management. Many "states" have their own hazardous waste regulations based on the federal hazardous waste regulations. In some of these states, the requirements are the same as the federal standards and definitions. Other states, however, have developed more stringent requirements than the federal program. If this is the case in your state, you must comply with the state regulations. To become familiar with your states requirements, consult your state hazardous waste agency listed in Appendix A below. This handbook provides a general overview of the hazardous waste generator regulations and should not be used as a substitute for the actual requirements. *TIP: You can look up unfamiliar words or phrases on a list of definitions found at the end of this document.* For more information If you have questions about any part of this document, or the federal hazardous waste regulations, call the RCRA Hotline at 703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323 in the Washington, DC, area or at 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 533-7672 from other locations. DECIDING WHETHER HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS APPLY TO YOU Federal hazardous waste management regulations apply to most businesses that generate hazardous waste. To determine if these regulations apply to your business, you must first determine if you even generate hazardous waste. * Determine if you generate hazardous waste in the first place. * Measure the amount of hazardous waste that you produce per month. * Determine your generator category to learn the management requirements that apply to you. *TIP: One way to help determine if your waste exhibits a characteristic is to check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that comes with all products containing hazardous materials. In addition, your national trade association or its local chapter might be able to help you.* Defining Hazardous Waste A "waste" is any solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that is discarded by being disposed of, burned or incinerated, or recycled. (There are some exceptions for recycled materials.) It can be the by-product of a manufacturing process or simply a commercial product that you use in your business--such as a cleaning fluid or battery acid--that is being disposed of. Even materials that are recyclable or can be reused in some way (such as burning used oil for fuel) may be considered waste. "Hazardous waste" can be one of two types: * "Listed waste." Your waste is considered hazardous if it appears on one of four lists published in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR Part 261). Currently, more than 400 wastes are listed. Wastes are listed as hazardous because they are known to be harmful to human health and the environment when not managed properly. Even when managed properly, some listed wastes are so dangerous that they are called "acutely hazardous wastes." Examples of acutely hazardous wastes include wastes generated from some pesticides that can be fatal to humans even in low doses. * "Characteristic wastes." If your waste does not appear on one of the hazardous waste lists, it still might be considered hazardous if it demonstrates one or more of the following characteristics: ** It catches fire under certain conditions. This is known as an "ignitable" waste. Examples are paints and certain degreasers and solvents. ** It corrodes metals or has a very high or low pH. This is known as a "corrosive" waste. Examples are rust removers, acid or alkaline cleaning fluids, and battery acid. ** It is unstable and explodes or produces toxic fumes, gases, and vapors when mixed with water or under other conditions such as heat or pressure. This is known as a "reactive" waste. Examples are certain cyanides or sulfide-bearing wastes. ** It is harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed, or it leaches toxic chemicals into the soil or ground water when disposed of on land. This is known as a "toxic" waste. Examples are wastes that contain high concentrations of heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, or mercury. You can determine if your waste is toxic by having it tested using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), or by simply knowing that your waste is hazardous or that your processes generate hazardous waste. Identifying Your Waste To help you identify some of the waste streams common to your business, consult the table below to find a list of typical hazardous wastes generated by small businesses. Use the "EPA Hazardous Waste Codes for Waste Streams Commonly Generated by Small Quantity Generators" list located at the end of this document (and included as an insert in the hardcopy book) for a more detailed listing of the EPA waste codes associated with these waste streams to determine if your waste is hazardous. Commercial chemical products that are discarded might also become hazardous waste. For a complete listing of hazardous waste codes, consult with 40 CFR Part 261. If your waste is hazardous, you will need to manage it according to appropriate federal regulations. TYPICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED BY SMALL BUSINESSES * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Drycleaning and Laundry Plants HOW GENERATED Commercial drycleaning processes TYPES OF WASTES Still residues from solvent distillation, spent filter cartridges, cooked powder residue WASTE CODES D001, D039, F002 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Furniture/Wood Manufacturing and Refinishing HOW GENERATED Wood cleaning and wax removal, refinishing/stripping, staining, painting, finishing, brush cleaning and spray brush cleaning TYPES OF WASTES Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, solvent wastes, paint wastes WASTE CODES D001, F001-F005 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Construction HOW GENERATED Paint preparation and painting, carpentry and floor work, other specialty contracting activities, heavy construction, wrecking and demolition, vehicle and equipment maintenance for construction activities TYPES OF WASTES Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, solvent wastes, paint wastes, used oil, acids/bases WASTE CODES D001, D002, F001-F005 *TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Laboratories HOW GENERATED Diagnostic and other laboratory testing TYPES OF WASTES Spent solvents, unused reagents, reaction products, testing samples, contaminated materials WASTE CODES D001, D002, D003, F001-F005, U211 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Vehicle Maintenance HOW GENERATED Degreasing, rust removal, paint preparation, spray booth, spray guns, brush cleaning, paint removal, tank cleanout, installing lead-acid batteries TYPES OF WASTES Acids/bases, solvents, ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, paint wastes, batteries WASTE CODES D001, D002, D006, D008, F001-F005 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Printing and Allied Industries HOW GENERATED Plate preparation, stencil preparation for screen printing, photoprocessing, printing, cleanup TYPES OF WASTES Acids/bases, heavy metal wastes, solvents, toxic wastes, ink WASTE CODES D002, D006, D008, F001-F005 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Equipment Repair HOW GENERATED Degreasing, equipment cleaning, rust removal, paint preparation, painting, paint removal, spray booth, spray guns, and brush cleaning. TYPES OF WASTES Acids/bases, toxic wastes, ignitable wastes, paint wastes, solvents WASTE CODES D001, D002, D006, D008, F001-F005 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Pesticide End-Users/Application Services HOW GENERATED Pesticide application and cleanup TYPES OF WASTES Used/unused pesticides, solvent wastes, ignitable wastes, contaminated soil (from spills), contaminated rinsewater, empty containers WASTE CODES D001, F001-F005, U129, U136, P094, P123 * TYPE OF BUSINESS TYPICAL Educational and Vocational Shops HOW GENERATED Automobile engine and body repair, metalworking, graphic arts- plate preparation, woodworking TYPES OF WASTES Ignitable wastes, solvent wastes, acids/bases, paint wastes WASTE CODES D001, D002, F001-F005 Finding Your Generator Category Once you know that you generate hazardous waste, you need to measure the amount of waste you produce per month. The amount of hazardous waste you generate determines your generator category. Many hazardous wastes are liquids and are measured in gallons-- not pounds. In order to measure your liquid wastes, you will need to convert from gallons to pounds. To do this, you must know the density of the liquid. A rough guide is that 30 gallons (about half of a 55-gallon drum) of waste with a density similar to water weighs about 220 pounds; 300 gallons of a waste with a density similar to water weighs about 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg). EPA has established three generator categories, as follows, each of which is regulated differently: CESQGs: Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators: You are considered a CESQG if you generate no more than 220 lbs (100 kg) per month of hazardous waste. You are exempt from hazardous waste management regulations provided that you comply with the basic requirements described on page 6. SQGs: Small Quantity Generators: You are considered an SQG if you generate between 220 and 2,200 lbs (100 and 1,000 kg) per month of hazardous waste. SQGs must comply with EPA requirements for managing hazardous waste described in this document. LQGs: Large Quantity Generators: You are considered an LQG if you generate more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per month of hazardous waste. LQGs must comply with more extensive hazardous waste rules than those summarized in this handbook. See below for an overview. If you are a CESQG and you generate no more than 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of "acutely hazardous waste" (or 220 lbs (100 kg) of acutely hazardous waste spill residues) in a calendar month, and never store more than that amount for any period of time, you may manage the acutely hazardous waste according to the CESQG requirements. If you generate more than 2.2 lbs (1kg) of acutely hazardous waste, you must manage it according to the LQG requirements. *What Is Your Generator Category?* Depending on your type of business, you might be regulated under different rules at different times. If, for example, you generate less than 220 lbs (100 kg) of hazardous waste during the month of June, you would be considered a CESQG for June and your June waste would be subject to the hazardous waste mangagement requirements for CESQGs. If, in July, you generate between 220 and 2,200 lbs (100 kg to 1,000 kg) of hazardous waste, your generator status would change, and you would be considered an SQG for July. Your July waste would then be subject to the management requirements for SQGs. *TIP: In many cases, small businesses that fall into different generator categories at different times choose to satisfy the more stringent requirements to simplify compliance. WHAT DO YOU MEASURE TO DETERMINE YOUR GENERATOR CATEGORY? DO Measure: All quantities of listed and characteristic hazardous wastes that are: * Accumulated on the property for any period of time before disposal or recycling. (Dry cleaners, for example, must count any residue removed from machines, as well as spent cartridge filters.) * Packaged and transported away from your business. * Placed directly in a regulated treatment or disposal unit at your place of business. * Generated as still bottoms or sludges and removed from product storage tanks. DO NOT Measure: Wastes that: * Are specifically exempted from counting. Examples include lead-acid batteries that will be reclaimed, scrap metal that will be recycled, used oil managed under the used oil provisions of 40 CFR 279, and universal wastes (e.g., batteries, pesticides, and thermostats) managed under 40 CFR 273. * Might be left in the bottom of containers that have been thoroughly emptied through conventional means such as pouring or pumping. * Are left as residue in the bottom of tanks storing products, if the residue is not removed from the product tank. * Are reclaimed continuously on site without storing prior to reclamation, such as drycleaning solvents. * Are managed in an "elementary neutralization unit," a "totally enclosed treatment unit," or a "wastewater treatment unit," without being stored first. (See definitions at the end of this document for an explanation of these types of units.) * Are discharged directly to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) without being stored or accumulated first. This discharge to a POTW must comply with the Clean Water Act. POTWs are public utilities, usually owned by the city, county, or state, that treat industrial and domestic sewage for disposal. * Have already been counted once during the calendar month, and are treated on site or reclaimed in some manner, and used again. * Are regulated under the universal waste rule or have other special requirements. The federal regulations contain special, limited requirements for managing certain commonly generated wastes. These wastes can be managed following the less burdensome requirements listed below instead of the usual hazardous waste requirements. Check with your state agency to determine if your state has similar regulations. "Used oil"--40 CFR Part 279 "Lead-acid batteries" that are reclaimed--40 CFR Part 266, Subpart G "Scrap metal" that is recycled--40 CFR 261.6 (a)(3) "Universal wastes" (e.g., certain batteries, recalled and collected pesticides, mercury-containing thermostats)--40 CFR Part 273 CESQGs Requirements for Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators If you generate no more than 220 lbs (100 kg) of hazardous waste per month, you are a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG). You must comply with three basic waste management requirements to remain exempt from the full hazardous waste regulations that apply to generators of larger quantities (SQGs and LQGs). (Note: there are different quantity limits for acutely hazardous waste.) * Identify your hazardous waste. * Comply with storage quantity limits. * Ensure proper treatment and disposal of your waste. First, you must identify all hazardous waste that you generate. Second, you may not store more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of hazardous waste on site at any time. Finally, you must ensure delivery of your hazardous waste to an offsite treatment or disposal facility that is one of the following, or, if you treat or dispose of your hazardous waste on site, your facility also most be: * A state or federally regulated hazardous waste management treatment, storage, or disposal facility. * A facility permitted, licensed, or registered by a state to manage municipal or industrial solid waste. * A facility that uses, reuses, or legitimately recycles the waste (or treats the waste prior to use, reuse, or recycling). * A universal waste handler or destination facility subject to the universal waste requirements of 40 CFR Part 273. (Universal wastes are wastes such as certain batteries, recalled and collected pesticides, or mercury-containing thermostats.) Suggestion: It's a good idea to call the appropriate state agency to verify that the treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) you have selected has any necessary permits, etc. You also may want to see that the facility fits into one of the above categories. (It's a good idea to document such calls for your records.) *State Requirements* Some states have additional requirements for CESQGs. For example, some states require CESQGs to follow some of the SQG requirements such as obtaining an EPA identification number, or complying with storage standards. See below for SQG storage requirements. SQGs OBTAINING AN EPA IDENTIFICATION NUMBER If your business generates between 220 lbs (100 kg) and 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of hazardous waste per month, you are an SQG, and you must obtain and use an EPA Identification Number. EPA and states use these 12-character numbers to monitor and track hazardous waste activities. You will need to use your identification number when you send waste off site to be managed. * Call your state agency to determine if you need an EPA identification number. * If you do, obtain a copy of EPA Form 8700-12. * Fill in the form completely. * Send the form to your STATE hazardous waste contact. To obtain an EPA ID number, you should: * Call or write your state hazardous waste management agency or the hazardous waste division of your EPA Regional office and ask for a copy of EPA Form 8700-12, "Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity." (State and EPA Regional offices are listed in Appendixes A and C.) You will be sent a booklet that contains a form with instructions and those portions of the regulations that will help you identify your waste. A sample copy of a completed notification form is shown on pages 8 and 9 of the hardcopy of this document. (Note: A few states use a form that is different from the one shown. Your state agency will send you the appropriate form to complete.) * Fill in the form as shown in the example. To complete Item IX of the form, you will need to identify your hazardous waste by its EPA Hazardous Waste Code. A list of common hazardous wastes and their waste codes can be found at the end of this document; for a complete list of waste codes, you should consult 40 CFR Part 261, or call your state or regional EPA office or the RCRA Hotline. The form you receive from your state might contain an additional sheet that provides more space for waste codes. Complete one copy of the form for each business site where you generate or handle hazardous waste. Each site will receive its own EPA Identification Number. Make sure you sign the certification in Item X. * Send the completed form to your state hazardous waste contact. This address is listed in the information booklet that you will receive with the form. EPA records the information on the form and assigns an EPA Identification Number to the site identified on your form. The EPA number stays with the property when ownership changes. If you move your business, you must notify EPA or the state of your new location and submit a new form. If another business previously handled hazardous waste at this location and obtained an EPA Identification Number, you will be assigned the same number after you have notified EPA that you have moved to this location. Otherwise, EPA will assign you a new identification number. MANAGING HAZARDOUS WASTE ON SITE Most small businesses accumulate some hazardous waste on site for a short period of time and then ship it off site to a treatment, storage, or disposal facility (TSDF). * Accumulate wastes according to limits established by EPA for SQGs. *Follow the storage and handling procedures required by EPA for SQGs. * Follow EPA requirements for equipment testing and maintenance, access to communications or alarms, aisle space, and emergency arrangements with local authorities. Accumulating Your Waste Accumulating hazardous waste on site can pose a threat to human health and the environment, so you may only keep it for a short time without a permit. Before shipping the waste for disposal or recycling, you are responsible for its safe management, which includes safe storage, safe treatment, preventing accidents, and responding to emergencies in accordance with federal regulations. SQGs can accumulate no more than 13,228 lbs (6,000 kg) of hazardous waste on site for up to 180 days without a permit. You can accumulate this amount of waste for up to 270 days if you must transport it more than 200 miles away for recovery, treatment, or disposal. Limited extensions may be granted by the state director or the regional EPA administrator. If you exceed these limits, you are considered a TSDF and must obtain an operating permit. Special storage requirements apply to liquid hazardous wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). SQGs must accumulate waste in tanks or containers, such as 55-gallon drums. Your storage tanks and containers must be managed according to EPA requirements summarized below: For containers, you must: * Label each container with the words "HAZARDOUS WASTE," and mark each container with the date the waste was generated. * Use a container made of, or lined with, a material that is compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored. (This will prevent the waste from reacting with or corroding the container.) * Keep all containers holding hazardous waste closed during storage, except when adding or removing waste. Do not open, handle, or store (stack) containers in a way that might rupture them, cause them to leak, or otherwise fail. * Inspect areas where containers are stored at least weekly. Look for leaks and for deterioration caused by corrosion or other factors. * Maintain the containers in good condition. If a container leaks, put the hazardous waste in another container, or contain it in some other way that complies with EPA regulations. * Do not mix incompatible wastes or materials unless precautions are taken to prevent certain hazards. For tanks, you must: * Label each tank with the words "HAZARDOUS WASTE." * Store only waste that will not cause the tank or the inner liner of the tank to rupture, leak, corrode, or fail. * Equip tanks that have an automatic waste feed with a waste feed cutoff system, or a bypass system for use in the event of a leak or overflow. * Inspect discharge control and monitoring equipment and the level of waste in uncovered tanks at least once each operating day. Inspect the tanks and surrounding areas for leaks or other problems (such as corrosion) at least weekly. * Use the National Fire Protection Associations (NFPA's) buffer zone requirements for covered tanks containing ignitable or reactive wastes. These requirements specify distances considered to be safe buffer zones for various ignitable or reactive wastes. You can reach the NFPA at 617 770-3000. * Do not mix incompatible wastes or materials unless precautions are taken to prevent certain hazards. * Do not place ignitable or reactive wastes in tanks unless certain precautions are taken. * Provide at least two feet (60 centimeters) of freeboard (space at the top of each tank) in uncovered tanks, unless the tank is equipped with a containment structure, a drainage control system, or a standby tank with adequate capacity. *TIP: It is a good practice never to mix wastes. Mixing wastes can create an unsafe work environment and lead to complex and expensive cleanups and disposal.* WASTE MINIMIZATION: THE KEY TO BETTER WASTE MANAGEMENT The easiest and most cost-effective way of managing any waste is not to generate it in the first place. You can decrease the amount of hazardous waste your business produces by developing a few good housekeeping habits. Good housekeeping procedures generally save businesses money, and they prevent accidents and waste. To help reduce the amount of waste you generate, try the following practices at your business. * "Do not mix wastes." Do not mix nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste. Once you mix nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste, you may increase the amount of hazardous waste created, as the whole batch may become hazardous. Mixing waste can also make recycling very difficult, if not impossible. A typical example of mixing wastes would be putting nonhazardous cleaning agents in a container of used hazardous solvents. * "Recycle and reuse manufacturing materials." Many companies routinely put useful components back into productive use rather than disposing of them. Items such as oil, solvents, acids, and metals are commonly recycled and used again. In addition, some companies have taken waste minimization actions such as using fewer solvents to do the same job, using solvents that are less toxic, or switching to a detergent solution. * Change materials, processes, or both. Businesses can save money and increase efficiency by replacing a material or a process with another that produces less waste. For example, you could use plastic blast media for paint stripping of metal parts rather than conventional solvent stripping. * Safely store hazardous products and containers. You can avoid creating more hazardous waste by preventing spills or leaks. Store hazardous product and waste containers in secure areas, and inspect them frequently for leaks. When leaks or spills occur, materials used to clean them up also become hazardous waste. Treating Your Waste to Meet the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) Most hazardous wastes may not be land disposed unless they meet "treatment standards." The Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) program requires that the waste is treated to reduce the hazardous constituents to levels set by EPA, or that the waste is treated using a specific technology. It is your responsibility to ensure that your waste is treated to meet LDR treatment standards before it is land disposed. (See below for a description of required LDR notices.) Most SQGs probably will have their designated TSDF do this treatment. If you choose to treat your waste yourself to meet LDR treatment standards, there are additional requirements including waste analysis plans, notifications, and certifications. To learn about these requirements call the RCRA Hotline, your state agency, or EPA Regional office, and consult 40 CFR Part 268. Preventing Accidents Whenever you store hazardous waste on site, you must minimize the potential risks from fires, explosions, or other accidents. All SQGs that store hazardous waste on site must be equipped with: * An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to all personnel. * A device, such as a telephone (immediately available at the scene of operations) or a hand-held, two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police and fire departments or emergency response teams. * Portable fire extinguishers, fire control devices (including special extinguishing equipment, such as that using foam, inert gas, or dry chemicals), spill control materials, and decontamination supplies. * Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hose streams, foam-producing equipment, automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. You must test and maintain all equipment to ensure proper operation. Allow sufficient aisle space to permit the unobstructed movement of personnel, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment to any area of facility operation. Attempt to secure arrangements with fire departments, police, emergency response teams, equipment suppliers, and local hospitals, as appropriate, to provide services in the event of an emergency. Ensure that personnel handling hazardous waste have immediate access to an alarm or emergency communications device. Responding to Emergencies You must be prepared for an emergency at your facility. One way is to develop a contingency plan. A contingency plan usually answers a set of "what if" questions. For example: "What if there is a fire in the area where hazardous waste is stored?" or "What if I spill hazardous waste, or one of my hazardous waste containers leaks?" Although EPA does not require SQGs to develop a written contingency plan, in case of a fire, explosion, or toxic release, having such a plan would provide an organized and coordinated course of action. EPA does require SQGs to establish basic safety guidelines and response procedures to follow in the event of an emergency. Worksheets 1 and 2 (see below) can help you set up these procedures. The information on Worksheet 1 must be posted near your phone. You must ensure that employees are familiar with these procedures. *If You Think You Have an Emergency, Immediately Call the National Response Center at 800 424-8802.* In the event of a fire, explosion, or other release of hazardous waste that could threaten human health outside the facility, or if you think that a spill has reached surface water, call the National Response Center to report the emergency. The Response Center will evaluate the situation and help you make appropriate emergency decisions. In many cases, you will find that the problem you faced was not a true emergency, but "it is better to call if you are not sure." Stiff penalties exist for failing to report emergencies. WORKSHEET 1 Fill in and Post this information next to your telephone. EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION Emergency Coordinator Name: Telephone: Fire Extinguisher Location(s): Spill Control Materials Location(s): Fire Alarm (if present) Location(s): Fire Department Telephone: WORKSHEET 2 Fill in and Post this information next to your telephone. Make sure all employees read and are familiar with its contents. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES "In the event of a spill:" Contain the flow of hazardous waste to the extent possible, and as soon as is possible, clean up the hazardous waste and any contaminated materials or soil. "In the event of a fire:" Call the fire department and, if safe, attempt to extinguish the fire using a fire extinguisher. "In the event of a fire, explosion, or other release that could threaten human health outside the facility, or if you know that the spill has reached surface water:" Call the National Response Center at its 24-hour number (800 424- 8802). Provide the following information: Our company name: Our address: Our U.S. EPA identification number: Date of accident: Time of accident: Type of accident (e.g., spill or fire): Quantity of hazardous waste involved: Extent of injuries, if any: Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered materials, if any: SHIPPING WASTE OFF SITE When shipping waste off site, SQGs must follow certain procedures that are designed to ensure safe transport and proper management of the waste. * Package, label, and mark your shipment, and placard the vehicle in which your waste is shipped as specified in DOT regulations. * Prepare a hazardous waste manifest to accompany your shipment. * Include a notice and certification with each waste shipment. * Ensure the proper management of any hazardous waste you ship (even when it is no longer in your possession). Selecting a TSDF SQGs may send their waste only to a regulated TSDF or recycler. Most regulated TSDFs and recyclers will have a permit from the state or EPA. Some, however, may operate under other regulations that do not require a permit. Check with the appropriate state authorities to be sure the facility you select has any necessary permits. All TSDFs and recyclers must have EPA identification numbers. Labeling Waste Shipments SQGs must properly package, label, and mark all hazardous waste shipments, and placard the vehicles in which these wastes are shipped following Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations. Most small businesses use a commercial transporter to ship hazardous waste. These transporters can advise you on specific requirements for placarding, labeling, marking, and packaging; however, you remain responsible for compliance. For additional information, consult the DOT regulations (49 CFR Parts 172 and 173), or call the DOT hazardous materials information line at 202 366-4488. Federal regulations allow you to transport your own hazardous waste to a designated TSDF provided that you comply with DOT rules. Some states, however, do not allow this practice. Call DOT and your state hazardous waste management agency (see Appendix A below) regarding applicable regulations. Selecting a Transporter or TSDF/Recycler It is important to choose your transporter and your TSDF carefully since you remain responsible for the proper management of your hazardous waste even after it has left your site. For help in choosing a transporter or TSDF, check with the following sources: * References from business colleagues who have used a specific hazardous waste transporter or TSDF. * Trade associations for your industry that might keep a file on companies that handle hazardous waste. * The Better Business Bureau or Chamber of Commerce in the TSDF's area, which might have a record of any complaints registered against a transporter or a facility. * Your state hazardous waste management agency or EPA Regional office, which can tell you whether the transporter or TSDF has a U.S. EPA identification number and a permit, if required. Preparing Hazardous Waste Manifests A hazardous waste manifest must accompany all hazardous waste that is shipped off site. A hazardous waste manifest is a multipart form designed to track hazardous waste from generation to disposal. It will help you to track your waste during shipment and make sure it arrives at the proper destination. If you send waste to a recycling facility, you may be able to use a tolling agreement instead of a manifest. A tolling agreement is a "closed-loop" arrangement whereby a generator contracts with a recycling company to reclaim its hazardous waste and return it as a recycled product, thereby avoiding disposal. A copy of the contract must be kept on file for three years after the contract has ended. Various versions of hazardous waste manifest forms are available. * Some states require their own manifest form. If the state to which you are shipping your waste requires its own manifest, use that states form. To obtain manifest forms, contact the hazardous waste management agency of the recipient state, your transporter, or the TSDF that you intend to use. * If the state to which you are shipping your waste does not have its own manifest, but the state in which your waste was generated does require its own manifest, use your states form. To obtain blank forms, contact your transporter or your state hazardous waste agency. * If neither state requires a manifest, you can use the federal Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest, EPA Form 8700-22. Copies are available from some transporters, TSDFs, and some commercial printers. Your state hazardous waste agency can refer you to manifest suppliers. You must fill in all parts of a manifest. Information requested includes: name of transporter, name of the designated facility, your EPA ID number, and a description of the waste based on DOT requirements, such as proper shipping name and hazard class. Call the DOT information line for more information on DOT waste description requirements. The transporter signs the completed manifest when the shipment is accepted for transport. The facility operator at the designated TSDF also signs the form when the shipment is received and sends a copy of it back to you. You must keep this copy on file for three years. (It might be a good practice, however, to keep it for as long as you are in business.) Any SQG that does not receive a signed copy of the manifest from the designated TSDF within 60 days of shipment must submit a legible copy of the manifest to the state or EPA regional office. This copy, known as an exception report, simply indicates that a signed copy was not received from the facility operator. Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) Reporting Requirements Regardless of where the waste is being sent, for each shipment of waste subject to LDRs you must send the receiving TSDF or recycler an LDR notice. This notice must provide information about your waste, such as the EPA hazardous waste code and the LDR treatment standard. The purpose of this notice is to let the TSDF know that the waste must meet treatment standards before it is land disposed. There is no required form for this notice, but your TSDF may provide a form for you to use. A certification may also be required in specific situations. Call the RCRA Hotline, your state agency, or EPA regional office and consult 40 CFR Part 268 for help with LDR notification and certification requirements. Export Notification If you choose to export your hazardous waste, you must notify EPA 60 days before the intended date of shipment to obtain written consent. EPA's "Acknowledgement of Consent" document must accompany the shipment at all times. For more information on how to obtain the consent to export hazardous waste, contact the RCRA Hotline at 800 424-9346. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE QUANTITY GENERATORS If you are a Large Quantity Generator (LQG) (generating more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per month), you must comply with the full set of hazardous waste regulations. This table summarizes the federal LQG requirements. This is only a summary and does not include all of the LQG requirements. For more details, call the RCRA Hotline or see 40 CFR Part 262. Be sure to check with your state as well, as some states have additional or more stringent requirements than the federal government. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Hazardous Waste Determination (40 CFR 262.10) Generator Category Determination (40 CFR 262.10 (b) and 261.5 (b) and (c)) SUMMARY Identify all hazardous wastes you generate. Measure the amount of hazardous waste you generate per month to determine your generator category (e.g., LQG). * LQG REQUIREMENTS EPA Identification Numbers (40 CFR 262.12) SUMMARY Obtain a copy of EPA Form 8700-12, fill out the form, and send it to the contact listed with the form. An EPA identification number will be returned to you for your location. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Prepare Hazardous Waste for Shipment Off Site (40 CFR 262.30 - 262.33) SUMMARY Package, label, mark, and placard wastes following Department of Transportation requirements. Ship waste using hazardous waste transporter. * LQG REQUIREMENTS The Manifest (40 CFR 262.20 - 262.23, 262.42) SUMMARY Ship waste to hazardous waste treatment, storage, disposal, or recycling facility. Ship hazardous waste off site using the manifest system (EPA Form 8700-22) or state equivalent. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Managing Hazardous Waste On Site (40 CFR 262.34) SUMMARY Accumulate waste for no more than 90 days without a permit. Accumulate waste in: Containers Drip pads Tanks Containment buildings and comply with specified technical standards for each unit type. Comply with Preparedness and Prevention requirements. Prepare written Contingency Plan. Train employees in hazardous waste management and emergency response. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Recordkeeping and Biennial Report (40 CFR 262.40 - 262.41) SUMMARY Retain specified records for three years. Submit biennial report by March 1 of even numbered years covering generator activities for the previous year. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Comply with Land Disposal Restrictions (40 CFR 268) SUMMARY Ensure that wastes meet treatment standards prior to land disposal. Send notifications and certifications to TSDF as required. Maintain waste analysis plan if treating on site. * LQG REQUIREMENTS Export/Import Requirements (40 CFR Subparts E and F) SUMMARY Follow requirements for exports and imports, including notification of intent to export and acknowledgement of consent from receiving country. WHERE TO GET MORE HELP For further assistance in understanding the hazardous waste regulations applicable to you, contact your state hazardous waste agency. Other assistance resources include the EPA Resource Centers (including the RCRA Hotline) (see Appendix B), or your EPA Regional office (see Appendix C). Also, see other related sections of the Code of Federal Regulations: * Handling PCBs (40 CFR Part 761) * Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Reporting (40 CFR Part 372) * Domestic Sewage Waste Disposal Reporting (40 CFR Part 403) * Shipping Hazardous Materials (49 CFR Parts 171-180) APPENDIX A -- STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT AGENCIES One of the best ways to ensure compliance with hazardous waste regulations is to set up a visit by an inspector from your state or local hazardous waste agency. These visits can help you identify and correct problems. During the visit, you can ask the inspectors questions and receive advice on effective ways to manage your hazardous waste. The best way to prepare for a visit from an inspector is to conduct your own self inspection. See Worksheet 3 below for a list of questions that should help. Alabama Land Division Alabama Department of Environmental Management 1751 Cong. William L. Dickinson Drive Montgomery, AL 36130 334 271-7730 Alaska Division of Air and Water Hazardous Waste Section Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 105 Juneau, AK 99801 907 465-5158 American Samoa American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Government of American Samoa Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Overseas Operator: 684 663-2304 Arizona Hazardous Waste Compliance Unit Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 3033 N. Central Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85012 602 207-4108 Arkansas Hazardous Waste Division Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology 8001 National Drive Little Rock, AR 72219 501 562-6533 California Hazardous Waste Management Program Department of Toxic Substances Control P.O. Box 806 Sacramento, CA 95812 916 324-1781 800 61-TOXIC (CA only) Colorado Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division Colorado Department of Health 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80222 303 692-3320 Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands Division of Environmental Quality Department of Public Health and Environmental Services P.O. Box 1304 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, MP 96950 Overseas Operator: 670 234-6114 Cable Address: Gov. NMI Saipan Connecticut Bureau of Waste Management Department of Environmental Protection 79 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06106 203 424-3023 Delaware Hazardous Waste Management Branch Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control P.O. Box 1401 89 Kings Highway Dover, DE 19903 302 739-3689 District of Columbia Hazardous Waste Management Branch Pesticides and Hazardous Materials Division Environmental Regulatory Administration 2100 Martin Luther King Avenue, S.E. Suite #203 Washington, DC 20020 202 645-6080 Florida Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste MS4560 Division of Waste Management Department of Environmental Protection 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 904 488-0300 Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Branch Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources Floyd Towers East/Room 1154 205 Butler Street, S.E. Atlanta, GA 30334 404 656-7802 Guam Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Program Guam Environmental Protection Agency 130 Rajas Street, D107 Harmon Plaza Harmon, Guam 96911 Overseas Operator: 671 646-8863 Hawaii Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch Office of Solid Waste Management Department of Health 919 Ala Moana, 2nd Floor Honolulu, HI 96814 808 586-4226 Idaho Hazardous Materials Bureau Division of Environmental Quality Department of Health and Welfare 1410 North Hilton Street Boise, ID 83706 208 334-5898 Illinois Division of Land Pollution Control Illinois Environmental Protection Agency 2200 Churchill Road Springfield, IL 62794-9276 217 785-8604 Indiana Hazardous Waste Management Branch Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste Indiana Department of Environmental Management 105 N. Senate Avenue P.O. Box 6015 Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015 317 232-4417 Iowa Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources 900 East Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 515 281-4968 Kansas Bureau of Waste Management Department of Health and Environment Forbes Field, Building 740 Topeka, KS 66620-0001 913 296-1608 Kentucky Hazardous Waste Branch Division of Waste Management Department of Environmental Protection 18 Reilly Road, Frankfort Office Park Frankfort, KY 40601 502 564-6716 Louisiana Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste Division Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 82178 7290 Bluebonnet Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2178 504 765-0249 Maine Division of Oil and Hazardous Materials Facilities Bureau of Hazardous Materials Control and Solid Waste Control Department of Environmental Protection State House, Station #17 Augusta, ME 04333 207 287-2651 Maryland Hazardous Waste Program Hazardous and Solid Waste Management Administration Maryland Department of the Environment 2500 Broening Highway Baltimore, MD 21224 301 631-3345 Massachusetts Division of Hazardous Waste Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection One Winter Street, 7th Floor Boston, MA 02108 617 292-5574 Michigan Hazardous Waste Permit Section Waste Management Division Department of Natural Resources 608 West Allegan, 1st Floor Lansing, MI 48933 517 373-0530 Minnesota Hazardous Waste Division Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 North Lafayette Road St. Paul, MN 55155 612 297-8512 Mississippi Division of Hazardous Waste Management Office of Pollution Control Department of Environmental Quality 2380 Highway 80 West P.O. Box 10385 Jackson, MS 39204 601 961-5052 Missouri Hazardous Waste Management Program Division of Environmental Quality Department of Natural Resources Jefferson Building 205 Jefferson Street P.O. Box 176 Jefferson City, MO 65102 314 751-3176 Montana Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Cogswell Building P.O. Box 200901 Helena, MT 59620-0901 406 444-1430 Nebraska Air and Waste Management Division Department of Environmental Quality 1200 N Street, The Atrium Suite 400 P.O. Box 98922 Lincoln, NE 68509-8922 402 471-4217 Nevada Waste Management Bureau Division of Environmental Protection Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 333 West Nye Lane Carson City, NV 89710 702 784-1717 or 800 882-3233 (NV only) New Hampshire Waste Management Compliance Bureau Waste Management Division Department of Environmental Services 6 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03301-6509 603 271-2942 New Jersey Bureau of Advisement and Manifest Department of Environmental Protection 401 East State St./CN-421 Trenton, NJ 08625 609 292-8341 New Mexico Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Bureau Environmental Department P.O. Box 26110 Santa Fe, NM 87502 505 827-4308 New York Division of Hazardous Substances Regulation Department of Environmental Conservation 50 Wolfe Road Albany, NY 12233 518 485-8988 North Carolina Hazardous Waste Section Division of Solid Waste Management Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 919 733-2178 North Dakota Division of Hazardous Waste Management Department of Health Management and Special Studies P.O. Box 5620 Bismarck, ND 58502-5520 701 328-5166 Ohio Division of Hazardous Waste Management Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 1800 Watermark Drive Columbus, OH 43215 614 644-2944 Oklahoma Land Protection Division Department of Environmental Quality PO Box 1677 Oklahoma City, OK 73101 405 702-5100 Oregon Hazardous Waste Program Waste Management and Cleanup Division Department of Environmental Quality 811 Southwest 6th Avenue Salem, OR 97204 503 229-5913 Pennsylvania Bureau of Waste Management Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources 400 Market Street P.O. Box 8472 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8472 717 787-6239 Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board Office of the Governor Banco Nationale Plaza Building Suite 431 Hatorey, PR 00910 809 767-8056 Rhode Island Division of Waste Management Department of Environmental Management 291 Promenade Street Providence, RI 02908 401 277-2797 South Carolina Division of Hazardous and Infectious Waste Management Department of Health and Environmental Control 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 803 896-4000 South Dakota Division of Environmental Regulation Department of Environment and Natural Resources 523 E. Capitol Avenue, Foss Building Pierre, SD 57501-3181 605-733-3153 Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management Tennessee Department of Environmental Conservation 401 Church Street L&C Tower, 5th Floor Nashville, TN 37243 615 532-0780 Texas Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission P.O. Box 13087 Austin, TX 78711-3087 512 239-6592 Utah Hazardous Waste Compliance Section Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 144880 Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880 801 538-6170 Vermont Hazardous Waste Management Division Department of Environmental Conservation Agency of Natural Resources 103 South Main Street, West Building Waterbury, VT 05671 802 241-3888 Virgin Islands Division of Environmental Protection Department of Planning and Natural Resources Government of the Virgin Islands 1118 Watergut Homes, Christiansted Project St. Croix, VI 00820 809 773-0565 Virginia Office of Waste Resource Management Waste Division Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 10009 Richmond, VA 23240-0009 804 527-5145 Washington Division of Hazardous Waste and Toxics Program Department of Ecology P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 206 407-6758 West Virginia Hazardous Waste Management Section Division of Environmental Protection Bureau of Environment State Complex Building 3, Room 732 1356 Hansford Street Charleston, WV 25301 304 558-5929 Wisconsin Hazardous Waste Management Section Division of Environmental Quality Department of Natural Resources 101 S. Webster Street Madison, WI 53702 608 266-2111 Wyoming Solid and Hazardous Waste Division State of Wyoming Department of Environmental Regulation 122 West 25th Street Herschler Building Cheyenne, WY 82002 307 777-7752 APPENDIX B -- EPA AND OTHER FEDERAL RESOURCE CENTERS RCRA/Superfund/OUST Hotline RCRA/SF/OUST Hotline 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, VA 22202 Phone: 800 424-9346, or TDD 800 553-7672 Fax: 703 486-3333 Answers questions on matters related to solid waste, hazardous waste, or underground storage tanks. Also can be used to find and order EPA publications. Small Business Ombudsman Clearinghouse/Hotline U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Small Business Ombudsman (1230C) 401 M Street, SW. Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 800 368-5888 Fax: 703 305-6462 Helps private citizens, small businesses, and smaller communities with questions on all program aspects within EPA. Department of Transportation (DOT) Hotline Office of Hazardous Materials Standards (DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration 400 7th Street, SW. Washington, DC 20590-0001 Phone: 202 366-4488 Fax: 202 366-3753 Answers questions on matters related to DOT's hazardous materials transportation regulations. RCRA Docket Information Center (RIC) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency RCRA Docket Information Center (5305) 401 M Street, SW. Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-9327 Fax: 202 260-9327 E-mail: RCRA-Docket @ epamail.epa.gov Holds and provides public access to all regulatory materials on solid waste and distributes technical and nontechnical information on solid waste. Pollution Protection Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) PPIC-EPA 401 M Street, SW. (3404) Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-1023 Fax: 202 260-0178 E-mail: PPIC @ epamail.epa.gov Provides a library and an electronic bulletin board (accessible by any PC equipped with a modem) dedicated to information on pollution prevention. EPA Main Library U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters Library 401 M Street, SW., Room 2904 Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-5921 or 5922 Fax: 202 260-6257 E-mail: Library-HQ @ epamail.epa.gov Maintains environmental reference materials for EPA staff and the general public, including books, journals, abstracts, newsletters, and audio-visual materials generated by government agencies and the private sector. Also provides access to online computer service bulletin boards, and CD-ROM systems. Public Information Center (PIC) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Public Information Center (3404) 401 M Street, SW. Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-7751 Fax: 202 260-6257 E-mail: Public-access @ epamail.epa.gov Serves as the primary point of contact between EPA and the public. Refers calls and letters to the appropriate sources for technical information, and distributes a variety of general-interest items. APPENDIX C -- EPA REGIONAL CONTACTS EPA Region 1 Waste Management Branch JFK Federal Building Boston, MA 02203-2211 617 573-5770 Library: 617 573-9687 EPA Region 2 Hazardous Waste Compliance Branch 290 Broadway, 21st Floor New York, NY 10007-1866 212 637-3000 Library: 212 637-3187 EPA Region 3 Hazardous Waste Management Division (3HW00) 841 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 215 597-9800 Library: 215 597-6633 EPA Region 4 RCRA Branch 345 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30365 404 347-3016 Library: 404 347-4216 EPA Region 5 RCRA Program Management Branch 77 W. Jackson Boulevard Chicago, IL 60604 312 353-8510 Library: 312 353-2022 EPA Region 6 RCRA Programs Branch (6H-H) 1445 Ross Avenue Dallas, TX 75202 214 665-6444 Library: 214 665-6424 EPA Region 7 RCRA Branch 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 913 551-7020 Library: 913 551-7241 EPA Region 8 Hazardous Waste Management Division One Denver Place 999 18th Street, Suite 500 (8HWM) Denver, CO 80202-2466 303 293-1603 Library: 303 293-1603 or 800 227-8917 (Within Region) EPA Region 9 Hazardous Waste Management Division 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 415 744-1730 Library: 415 744-1510 EPA Region 10 Waste Management Branch (HW-102) 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101 206 553-1200 Library: 206 553-1289 WORKSHEET 3 These questions are geared toward the federal requirements for SQGs but may be helpful for other hazardous waste generators. Use them to help prepare for a visit from a federal, state, or local agency. YES NO Do you have documentation on the amount and kinds of hazardous waste that you generate and on how you determined that they are hazardous? YES NO Do you have a U.S. EPA identification number? YES NO Do you ship wastes off site? YES NO If so, do you know the name of the transporter and the designated TSDF that you use? YES NO Do you have copies of completed manifests used to ship your hazardous wastes over the past three years? YES NO Are they filled out correctly? YES NO Have they been signed by the designated TSDF and transporter? YES NO If you have not received your signed copy of the manifest from the TSDF, have you filed an exception report? YES NO Is your hazardous waste stored in proper containers or tanks? YES NO Are the containers or tanks properly dated and/or marked? YES NO Have you complied with the handling requirements described in this document? YES NO Have you designated an emergency coordinator? YES NO Have you posted emergency telephone numbers and the location of emergency equipment? YES NO Are your employees thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures? YES NO Do you understand when you need to contact the National Response Center? YES NO Do you store your waste for no more than 180 days, or 270 days if you ship your waste more than 200 miles? DEFINITIONS *By-Product A material that is not one of the primary products of a production process. Examples of by-products are process residues such as slags or distillation column bottoms. *Commercial Chemical Product A chemical substance that is manufactured or formulated for commercial or manufacturing use. *Container Any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or otherwise handled. *Elementary Neutralization Unit A tank, tank system, container, transport vehicle, or vessel (including ships) that is designed to contain and neutralize corrosive waste. *Reclaimed Material Material that is regenerated or processed to recover a usable product. Examples are the recovery of lead values from spent batteries and the regeneration of spent solvents. *Recovered Material A material or by-product that has been recovered or diverted from solid waste. Does not include materials or by-products generated from, and commonly used within, an original manufacturing process. *Recycled Material A material that is used, reused, or reclaimed. *Reused Material A material that is employed as an ingredient in an industrial process to make a product, or as an effective substitute for a commercial product. *Spent Material Any material that has been used and, as a result of contamination, can no longer serve the purpose for which it was produced without first processing it. *Sludge Any solid, semi-solid, or liquid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, exclusive of the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. *Still Bottom Residue or by-product of a distillation process such as solvent recycling. *Tank A stationary device designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste that is constructed primarily of nonearthen materials (e.g., wood, concrete, steel, plastic). *Totally Enclosed Treatment Facility A facility for the treatment of hazardous waste that is directly connected to an industrial production process and that is constructed and operated so as to prevent the release of hazardous waste into the environment during treatment. An example is a pipe in which waste acid is neutralized. *Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure A testing procedure used to determine whether a waste is hazardous. The procedure identifies waste that might leach hazardous constituents into groundwater if improperly managed. *Wastewater Treatment Unit A tank or tank system that is subject to regulation under either Section 402 or 307(b) of the Clean Water Act, and that treats or stores an influent wastewater that is hazardous waste, or that treats or stores a wastewater treatment sludge that is hazardous. EPA HAZARDOUS WASTE CODES FOR WASTE STREAMS COMMONLY GENERATED BY SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS This list can be used as a guide for small quantity generators to determine which of their wastes, if any, are hazardous, and to determine the EPA waste codes associated with each waste. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of all waste codes and waste streams that small businesses could generate. Except for the pesticide and wood preserving categories, this list does not include waste codes for commercial chemical products that are hazardous when discarded unused. These wastes, as well as all others not listed here, can be found in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) Part 261. If you have any questions, contact your state agency or the RCRA Hotline at 703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323 in the Washington, DC, area or at 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 533-7672 from other locations. Solvents: Solvents, spent solvents, solvent mixtures, or solvent still bottoms are often hazardous. The following are some commonly used hazardous solvents (also see ignitable wastes for other hazardous solvents, and 40 CFR 261.31 for most listed hazardous waste solvents): Benzene F005 Carbon Disulfide F005 Carbon Tetrachloride F001 Chlorobenzene F002 Cresols F004 Cresylic Acid F004 O-Dichlorobenzene F002 Ethanol D001 2-Ethoxyethanol F005 Ethylene Dichloride D001 Isobutanol F005 Isopropanol D001 Kerosene D001 Methyl Ethyl Ketone F005 Methylene Chloride F001, F002 Naphtha D001 Nitrobenzene F004 2-Nitrobenzene F004 Petroleum Solvents D001 (Flashpoint less than 140 degrees F) Pyridine F005 1,1,1-Trichloroethane F001, F002 1,1,2-Trichloroethane F002 Tetrachloroethylene F001, F002 (Perchloroethylene) Toluene F005 Trichloroethylene F001, F002 Trichlorofluoromethane F002 Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Valclene) F002 White Spirits D001 Acids: Acids, bases, or mixtures having a pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5 are considered corrosive (for a complete description of corrosive wastes, see 40 CFR 261.22). All corrosive materials and solutions have the waste code "D002." The following are some of the more commonly used corrosives: Acetic Acid Ammonium Hydroxide Oleum Chromic Acid Hydrobromic Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Nitric Acid Perchloric Acid Phosphoric Acid Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide Sulfuric Acid Dry Cleaning Filtration Residues: Cooked powder residue (perchloroethylene plants only), still residues, and spent cartridge filters containing perchloroethylene or valclene are hazardous and have the waste code "F002." Still residues containing petroleum solvents with a flashpoint less than 140 degrees F are considered hazardous and have the waste code "D001." Heavy Metals/Inorganics: Heavy metals and other inorganic waste materials are considered hazardous if the extract from a representative sample of the waste has any of the specific constituents concentrations as shown in 40 CFR 262.24, Table 1. Materials may include dusts, solutions, wastewater treatment sludges, paint wastes, and waste inks. The following are common heavy metals/inorganics: Arsenic D004 Barium D005 Cadmium D006 Chromium D007 Lead D008 Mercury D009 Selenium D010 Silver D011 Ink Sludges Containing Chromium and Lead: This category includes solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes and sludges, and water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and equipment used in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizers containing chromium and lead. All ink sludges have the waste code "K086." Ignitable Wastes: Ignitable wastes are any liquids that have a flashpoint less than 140 degrees F, any non-liquids that are capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous chemical change, or any ignitable compressed gas as described in 49 CFR 173.300 (for a complete description of ignitable wastes, see 40 CFR 261.21). Examples are spent solvents, solvent still bottoms, epoxy resins and adhesives, and waste inks containing flammable solvents. Unless otherwise specified, all ignitable wastes have the waste code "D001." Acetone F003 Benzene F005 n-Butyl Alcohol F003 Chlorobenzene F002 Cyclohexanone F003 Ethyl Acetate F003 Ethyl Benzene F003 Ethyl Ether F003 Ethylene Dichloride D001 Methanol F003 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone F003 Petroleum Distillates D001 Xylene F003 Lead-Acid Batteries: Used lead-acid batteries should be reported on the notification form only if they are not recycled. Used lead-acid batteries that are recycled do not need to be counted in determining the quantity of waste that you generate per month. Special requirements do apply if you recycle your batteries on your own premises (see 40 CFR Part 266). Lead Dross D008 Spent Acids D002 Lead-Acid Batteries D008 Pesticides: The pesticides listed below are hazardous. Wastes marked with an asterisk (*) have been designated acutely hazardous. For a more complete listing, see 40 CFR 261.32 for specific listed pesticides, and other wastes, wastewaters, sludges, and by-products from pesticide formulators. *Aldicarb P070 Amitrole U011 1,2-Dichloropropene U084 *Heptachlor P059 Lindane U129 *Methyl Parathion P071 *Parathion P089 *Phorate P094 Reactives: Reactive wastes include materials or mixtures that are unstable, react violently with or form explosive mixtures with water, generate toxic gases or vapors when mixed with water (or when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 in the case of cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes), or are capable of detonation or explosive reaction when heated or subject to shock (for a complete description of reactive wastes, see 40 CFR 2612.23). Unless otherwise specified, all reactive wastes have the waste code "D003." The following materials are commonly considered to be reactive: Acetyl Chloride Chromic Acid Cyanides Hypochlorites Organic Peroxides Perchlorates Permanganates Sulfides Spent Plating and Cyanide Wastes: Spent plating wastes contain cleaning solutions and plating solutions with caustics, solvents, heavy metals, and cyanides. Cyanide wastes may also be generated from heat treatment operations, pigment production, and manufacturing of anticaking agents. Plating wastes generally have the waste codes "F006-F009," with F007 and F009 containing cyanide. Cyanide heat treating wastes generally have the waste codes "F010-F012" (see 40 CFR 261.31 for a more complete description of plating wastes). Wood Preserving Agents: The wastewater treatment sludges from wastewater treatment operations are considered hazardous. Bottom sediment sludges from the treatment of wastewater processes that use creosote and pentachlorophenol have the waste code "K001." In addition, unless otherwise indicated, specific wood preserving compounds are: Chromated Copper Arsenate D004 Creosote U051 Pentachlorophenol F027